Various techniques have been proposed for the anterior approach to the upper and lower cervical spine. These have included the transoral approach to the atlas and axis, [1,2] the mandible and ...

and the anterior approach, in which the intervertebral disc is removed and the remaining vertebral bones are fused to create more space in the spinal canal. This procedure is known as an anterior ...

[6,7,8,9,10,11] Trends in spinal surgery towards less invasive approaches and exposures ... [12,13,14,15,16] Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with plating (ACDF+P) is one of the most ...