They may also result in "diffuse axonal injury," where the force generated causes long nerves in the brain to stretch or tear. The neck is often exploited in mixed martial arts (MMA) and jiu-jitsu.

Occasionally, MRI would demonstrate microhemorrhages, which were felt to be diffuse axonal injury, but of unclear clinical significance. In the majority of cases, however, not even ...

A research team has established an innovative intracranial pre-olivary pretectal nucleus (OPN) optic tract injury model ...