Hydrogen atoms are close together. The electron from each atom feels the attraction from the proton in the nucleus of the other atom. This attraction pulls the atoms together and the electrons are ...

Researchers at Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, have shed light on the structure of supercritical water. In this state, which exists at extreme temperatures and pressures, water has the properties of ...

Each atom then has a complete outer shell of electrons. The slideshow shows how a covalent bond forms between a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom, making hydrogen chloride. A simple molecule ...

This approach involves modulating intralayer hydrogen bonding and optimizing anionic frameworks. Using this method, the researchers synthesized a series of two-aminopyrazine-based birefringent ...