For decades, humanity has gazed at the stars, dreaming of Mars and the Moon, while a vast and mysterious frontier has remained largely unexplored right here on Earth—the ocean floor. Despite ...

"Detailed contour maps of the ocean floor were classified by the US Navy, so the physiographic diagrams gave us a way to publish our data." Heezen had graduate student Howard Foster placing dots ...

The ocean floor is depicted in black, sediment in brown and hydrothermal circulation in blue. In a, heat loss is by advection; in b, by advection and conduction; and in c by conduction alone ...