Medically reviewed by Jennifer Steinhoff, MD The thoracic spine is part of your spinal column and is composed of 12 bones ...

During each exercise the LD (19.2 ± 13.9%MVC) and GM (28.2 ± 14.6%MVC) were recruited significantly less than the thoracic and lumbar muscles. Conclusion The recruitment of the posterior muscle ...

[7–9] Specifically, several researchers [10–13] hypothesized that the stiffness of specific muscles (rotator cuff) may contribute to posterior shoulder stiffness. These potential mechanisms ...