Abstract art is more difficult. We are often unsure about what we are seeing. And uncertain of what response is expected. Can modern science play a role in helping us understand the processes ...

and 20th-century abstract art. They found that the values of α in these artworks range from 1.5 to 2.8, similar to the range of this value in natural trees. “We find α in the range 1.5 to 2.8 ...