Early recognition of atypical signs, such as persistent abdominal pain and abnormal fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns, is essential for timely intervention. Prompt diagnosis, often requiring ultrasound ...

Lysozyme (muramidase), a bactericidal enzyme, appears early in fetal life and is secreted in the bowel by Paneth cells in the small intestine. Delay in Paneth cell maturation may impair production ...

Abstract: The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an essential diagnostic tool with a broad spectrum of clinical applications. Heart rate variability is a well-known and widely used indicator for identifying ...

When present in pregnant women, these antibodies can lead to autoimmune-mediated congenital heart block (CHB ... 2 Despite the significant fetal and infant mortality, there are no UK national ...

Most structural congenital heart defects can be identified prenatally through ultrasound examination in pregnancy or ... Congenital heart defects are defined as congenital structural abnormalities of ...