he plied his circuit design skills and built a buzzer to alert him when the oven’s ready. It only took a few components to accomplish the task. [Justin] uses a pair of NPN transistors triggered ...

With the invention of the integrated circuit, or microchip, in which thousands or millions of transistors are deposited ... microwave ovens, alarm systems, and fax machines have chips built ...

As with many inventions, two people had the idea for an integrated circuit at almost the same time. Transistors had become commonplace in everything from radios to phones to computers, and now ...