The angle of the alignment of the patella can be measured using anatomical landmarks and a known set of normal parameters. Patients who fall outside of these parameters are often found to have ...

The biomechanics of the foot and knee are in extricable in that they work together in such a way that the foot directs the alignment and tracking of the knee in such a way that they must be both ...

knee, and ankle in a straight line, forming a neutral alignment, rather than replicating the patient's original alignment.

If the patella is not correctly aligned, it may come under excessive stress, particularly with vigorous activities. Improper alignment also can cause excessive wear on the cartilage of the kneecap ...

Conclusions: In recreational runners, there is no evidence that static biomechanical alignment measurements of the lower limbs are related to lower limb injury except patellofemoral pain syndrome.