By adding a 15 V Zener diode and a resistor across the MOSFET which dims the LEDs, a voltage of around 9 V can be put across the LEDs without lighting them up when the MOSFET PWM dimmer is in its ...

Using properties of a series circuit, the sum of the voltages across the LED and resistor R must equal the supply voltage. \({V_s} = {V_{LED}} + {V_R}\) Now substitute the supply voltage (\(6V ...

To make it sensitive enough, he switches on the pull-up resistor for a tiny fraction ... He then switches the pullup off, and the voltage across the LED will start to discharge.