The net result was two gigantic historic forces coming face-to-face: the Byzantine Empire was diminishing in size and power, and the Ottoman Turks were consolidating and growing stronger.

A contractor digging into the earth where the rubble of a destroyed house had been cleared away in northern Syria stumbled ...

At its peak, the Byzantine Empire stretched from southern Spain to ... years that followed and supposedly caused a decline in ...

Coins from the hoard were minted by the Byzantine Empire during the reign of Emperor ... from childhood until their image appears the same size as their father, who is depicted with a long beard." ...

Then I entered an entirely new and exotic realm — the eastern Roman Empire, a dominion that survived the fall of Rome in 476 by almost a thousand years. The Byzantine Empire lasted until 1453 ...