Noble platinum is generally used as catalytic counter electrode for redox mediators in electrolyte solution. Unfortunately, platinum is expensive and non-sustainable for long-term applications.

It was found that, when used as the counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells, the material exhibits photoelectric conversion efficiency as high as that of platinum. Dye-sensitized solar cells ...

To date, the most commonly used counter electrode in DSSC is fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass coated with a thin layer of platinum. However, as a noble metal, the low abundance (0.0037 ppm) and ...

Prototype coin cells and laminated pouch cells of various sizes with azobenzene OEMs and zinc counter-electrodes reached capacities on the scale of ampere hours, which were retained over 200 ...

The counter electrode (CE) was a platinum sheet with a double junction Ag/AgCl electrode being the reference electrode (RE). The inner compartment of the cell contained 3M aqueous potassium chloride ...

Chronoamperometric, or pulse test, in which the voltage across the counter electrode and sense electrode is pulsed, disturbing the normal bias for the electrochemical cell. It’s often but not ...