but the outcome also depends on competition with shrubs, concludes a paper in the journal Forest Ecology and Management. "Generally, where there are more shrubs, the climate and soil are more ...

By 2028, the Martha’s Vineyard Commission wants you to be able to pick your own fresh fruit at a local “food forest” — a perennial, public foraging space blooming with fruit trees or berry bushes.

Many U.S. forests are privately owned, particularly in the Eastern and North Central part of the country. This makes control of invasive plants and pests challenging because efforts must be ...