Truth is, we don’t know how the Tree of Life will fall, and we don’t know when. It could happen in five years, in 40 years, ...

All tree leaves have an outer layer called the epidermis, which can also be used in the identification process. This leaf "skin" always has a waxy cover called the cuticle and varies in thickness.

Annual cold snaps have kept some invasive tree pests in check, but outbreaks could become more common with warming ...